Exode - Caput 21

Exode 21.1 haec sunt iudicia quae propones eis Exode 21.2 si emeris servum hebraeum sex annis serviet tibi in septimo egredietur liber gratis Exode 21.3 cum quali veste intraverit cum tali exeat si habens uxorem et uxor egredietur simul Exode 21.4 sin autem dominus dederit illi uxorem et peperit filios et filias mulier et liberi eius erunt domini sui ipse vero exibit cum vestitu suo Exode 21.5 quod si dixerit servus diligo dominum meum et uxorem ac liberos non egrediar liber Exode 21.6 offeret eum dominus diis et adplicabitur ad ostium et postes perforabitque aurem eius subula et erit ei servus in saeculum Exode 21.7 si quis vendiderit filiam suam in famulam non egredietur sicut ancillae exire consuerunt Exode 21.8 si displicuerit oculis domini sui cui tradita fuerit dimittet eam populo autem alieno vendendi non habet potestatem si spreverit eam Exode 21.9 sin autem filio suo desponderit eam iuxta morem filiarum faciet illi Exode 21.10 quod si alteram ei acceperit providebit puellae nuptias et vestimenta et pretium pudicitiae non negabit Exode 21.11 si tria ista non fecerit egredietur gratis absque pecunia Exode 21.12 qui percusserit hominem volens occidere morte moriatur Exode 21.13 qui autem non est insidiatus sed Deus illum tradidit in manu eius constituam tibi locum quo fugere debeat Exode 21.14 si quis de industria occiderit proximum suum et per insidias ab altari meo evelles eum ut moriatur Exode 21.15 qui percusserit patrem suum et matrem morte moriatur Exode 21.16 qui furatus fuerit hominem et vendiderit eum convictus noxae morte moriatur Exode 21.17 qui maledixerit patri suo et matri morte moriatur Exode 21.18 si rixati fuerint viri et percusserit alter proximum suum lapide vel pugno et ille mortuus non fuerit sed iacuerit in lectulo Exode 21.19 si surrexerit et ambulaverit foris super baculum suum innocens erit qui percussit ita tamen ut operas eius et inpensas in medicos restituat Exode 21.20 qui percusserit servum suum vel ancillam virga et mortui fuerint in manibus eius criminis reus erit Exode 21.21 sin autem uno die supervixerit vel duobus non subiacebit poenae quia pecunia illius est Exode 21.22 si rixati fuerint viri et percusserit quis mulierem praegnantem et abortivum quidem fecerit sed ipsa vixerit subiacebit damno quantum expetierit maritus mulieris et arbitri iudicarint Exode 21.23 sin autem mors eius fuerit subsecuta reddet animam pro anima Exode 21.24 oculum pro oculo dentem pro dente manum pro manu pedem pro pede Exode 21.25 adustionem pro adustione vulnus pro vulnere livorem pro livore Exode 21.26 si percusserit quispiam oculum servi sui aut ancillae et luscos eos fecerit dimittet liberos pro oculo quem eruit Exode 21.27 dentem quoque si excusserit servo vel ancillae suae similiter dimittet eos liberos Exode 21.28 si bos cornu petierit virum aut mulierem et mortui fuerint lapidibus obruetur et non comedentur carnes eius dominusque bovis innocens erit Exode 21.29 quod si bos cornipeta fuerit ab heri et nudius tertius et contestati sunt dominum eius nec reclusit eum occideritque virum aut mulierem et bos lapidibus obruetur et dominum illius occident Exode 21.30 quod si pretium ei fuerit inpositum dabit pro anima sua quicquid fuerit postulatus Exode 21.31 filium quoque et filiam si cornu percusserit simili sententiae subiacebit Exode 21.32 si servum ancillamque invaserit triginta siclos argenti dabit domino bos vero lapidibus opprimetur Exode 21.33 si quis aperuerit cisternam et foderit et non operuerit eam cecideritque bos vel asinus in eam Exode 21.34 dominus cisternae reddet pretium iumentorum quod autem mortuum est ipsius erit Exode 21.35 si bos alienus bovem alterius vulnerarit et ille mortuus fuerit vendent bovem vivum et divident pretium cadaver autem mortui inter se dispertient Exode 21.36 sin autem sciebat quod bos cornipeta esset ab heri et nudius tertius et non custodivit eum dominus suus reddet bovem pro bove et cadaver integrum accipiet Exode 21.37 si quis furatus fuerit bovem aut ovem et occiderit vel vendiderit quinque boves pro uno bove restituet et quattuor oves pro una ove

Exode : Caput 21

Civil Laws in Exodus Chapter 21

Exodus chapter 21 marks the beginning of civil laws for the people of Israel. In this text, we can observe how God establishes justice in society. God's instructions cover a variety of topics such as Hebrew slaves, cases of personal violence, and liability for damages. This chapter addresses key themes, including human dignity, social justice, and reparation.

Thus, we discover that Exodus 21 reveals God's concern for social welfare and interpersonal relationships. Through this text, God highlights principles that are still relevant to social ethics today. Let's examine together five biblical passages that illustrate these enduring principles.

Matthew 5:38-39

In this passage, Jesus declares: "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' But I say to you, do not resist evildoers. If someone slaps you on the right cheek, turn the other to them also." » Here, Jesus refers to the law of retaliation mentioned in Exodus 21:24, offering a new interpretation based on love and forgiveness.

Galatians 3:28

Paul writes: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for all are one in Christ Jesus. » This verse contrasts with the slavery laws in Exodus 21, emphasizing the equality in Christ that transcends ancient social distinctions.

1 Timothy 5:18

In this passage, Paul emphasizes: “For the Scripture says, ‘Do not muzzle the ox while it is threshing, and the laborer deserves his wages.’” » He cites a law similar to that found in Exodus 21:28-32, applying it to the context of human labor, thus affirming responsibility toward workers.

James 5:4

James warns us: “See, the wages of the laborers who reaped your fields, which you deceitfully withheld, cry out against you. The lamentation of the reapers has reached the ears of the Lord of hosts. » This verse echoes the concerns for social justice expressed in the laws of Exodus 21 regarding the fair treatment of workers.

Colossians 4:1

Finally, Paul exhorts: “Masters, give to your slaves what is just and equal, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven.” This passage applies the principles of justice found in Exodus 21 to the context of master-slave relationships during the New Testament period.

In conclusion, these passages remind us of the importance of justice, equality, and social responsibility in our daily lives—principles that remain at the heart of our Christian faith.